【完璧归赵】
赵王得到了楚国的和氏璧。秦昭王听说了这件事，就派使者到赵国，说愿意用十五座城换赵国的和氏璧。赵王派蔺相如带和氏璧去秦国。蔺相如到了秦国，把璧给了秦王，秦王只说了些恭维的话，绝口不提换城的事。蔺相如看出秦王没有诚意，就上前说：“这璧上有点毛病，让我指给大王看。”蔺相如把璧拿到手里，迅速退到柱子旁，对秦王说：“大王要是逼我，我的脑袋和璧就一起撞碎在柱子上！”秦王怕蔺相如真的把璧弄碎，就只好向他表示，乐意斋戒五日，把十五座城送给赵国。蔺相如回到宾馆，叫来一个人，让他带上和氏璧，抄小路先回赵国去了。到了第五天，秦王召见蔺相如，蔺相如说：“和氏璧已回赵国，要是真换城，请先划出十五座城的范围，再订立契约，两国大臣都参加，我带上和氏璧立刻前来。”秦王没法子，只好赔不是，让蔺相如回国去了。
【负荆】
蔺相如的话传到了廉颇的耳朵里。廉颇静下心来想了想，觉得自己为了争一口气，就不顾的利益，真不应该。于是，他战袍，背上荆条，到蔺相如门上。蔺相如见廉颇来，连忙热情地出来迎接。从此以后，廉颇和蔺相如就成了好朋友，两人同心协力保卫赵国。
翻译：
【完璧归赵】
After Zhao’s King obtained the He Shi Bi from the state of Chu, King Zhao of Qin heard the news and sent an envoy to Zhao, offering to trade the He Shi Bi for fifteen cities. Zhao’s King sent Lin Xiangru to take the He Shi Bi to Qin. When Lin Xiangru arrived in Qin, he gave the He Shi Bi to King Zhao, but the king only spoke words of flattery and never mentioned the trade of cities. Lin Xiangru realized that King Zhao had no sincerity, so he stepped forward and said, “There is a flaw on this jade. Let me show it to the king.” Lin Xiangru took the He Shi Bi in his hand, quickly retreated to the pillar, and said to King Zhao, “If the king forces me, I will smash my head and the He Shi Bi together on this pillar!” King Zhao was afraid that Lin Xiangru would really smash the He Shi Bi, so he had to show his willingness to offer the十五 cities to Zhao as a trade for the He Shi Bi. Lin Xiangru returned to the guest house and asked someone to take the He Shi Bi and return to Zhao by a detour. Five days later, King Zhao summoned Lin Xiangru, who said, “The He Shi Bi has returned to Zhao. If you really want to trade cities, please first mark out the fifteen cities, then sign a contract, and have the ministers of both countries participate. I will bring the He Shi Bi and come immediately.” King Zhao had no choice but to apologize and let Lin Xiangru return to Zhao.
【负荆】
The words of Lin Xiangru were passed on to Lian Po’s ears. After深思熟虑, Lian Po realized that he had acted irrationally and disregarded the interests of the country just to prove a point. Therefore, he took off his battle robe, put on荆棘条, and went to Lin Xiangru’s house to apologize. Lin Xiangru, seeing Lian Po come to apologize,热情地 came forward to greet him. Since then, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru became good friends, and they worked together to defend Zhao.
以上即为《蔺相如廉颇列传》中“完璧归赵”与“负荆”的关键情节翻译。希望这有助于您快速理解这两个故事。