高一非谓语动词用法详解 易混点辨析与专项练习题

高一非谓语动词用法详解

一、非谓语动词概述

非谓语动词指的是不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的词语。非谓语动词分为不定式、动名词和分词三类。非谓语动词不能独立作谓语,但可以在句中担任其他成分,如名词、形容词、副词等。

二、非谓语动词的基本形式

1. 不定式:不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,如to swim。

2. 动名词:动名词的基本形式是“v.-ing”,如swimming。

3. 分词:分词分为现在分词和过去分词,现在分词的基本形式是“v.-ing”,如swimming;过去分词的基本形式是“v.-ed”或“v.-n”,如swam/swimming。

三、非谓语动词的语法功能

1. 不定式:不定式可以在句中作名词、形容词、副词等。例如:

(1)名词:He has a lot of work to do.(不定式作定语)

(2)形容词:He is the right person to do the job.(不定式作定语)

(3)副词:Please come here to help me.(不定式作目的状语)

2. 动名词:动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如:

(1)主语:Swimming is my favorite sport.(动名词作主语)

(2)宾语:I enjoy swimming.(动名词作宾语)

(3)表语:His job is teaching.(动名词作表语)

3. 分词:分词可以在句中作定语、状语和补语。例如:

(1)定语:The sleeping baby is sleeping fully.(现在分词作定语)

(2)状语:Given more time,I can do it better.(过去分词作状语)

(3)补语:I found the room empty.(分词作补语)

四、非谓语动词的易混点辨析

1. 不定式与动名词作定语的区别:不定式作定语表示动作未发生,而动名词作定语表示动作已发生或状态。例如:The man to come is my teacher.(将来要来的男人)和The man coming is my teacher.(正在来的男人)。

2. 现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别:现在分词表示主动或进行,过去分词表示被动或完成。例如:The running boy is fast.(正在跑步的男孩)和The boy injured in the accident is in hospital.(在中受伤的男孩)。

五、专项练习题

1. The problem is ____(solve) easily.

2. The man _____(stand) at the gate is my teacher.

3. The best way to improve English is _____(practice) it often.

4. The book _____(write) by Lu Xun is very interesting.

5. The students _____(jump) on the grass are from Class One.

答案:

1. to solve

2. standing

3. to practice

4. written

5. jumping