only引导的部分倒装,掌握这个语法点让你的英语表达更地道更高级

在我之前的文章中,我曾详细探讨过not only… but also的用法,而今天我们将重点聚焦于其倒装结构的应用。

1. 当not only… but also位于句首并连接两个并列词语(成分)时,通常不适用倒装结构,例如:

Not only the students but also the teacher was invited. 不仅学生们收到了邀请,那位教师也同样被邀请。(连接主语)

Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们正在欣赏这部电影,他们的老师也在观看。(连接主语)

Not only you but also I am fond of music. 不只是你,我也热爱音乐。(连接主语)

The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.

英国人和美国人不仅使用同一种语言,而且拥有许多共同的社会习俗。(连接谓语动词)

The problem for the recipient was trying to guess not only who the sender was, but also what his secret feelings might be.

收信人不仅要猜测发信人的身份,还要推测其内心的秘密情感。(连接宾语)

Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.

明亮和鲜艳的色彩不仅使人感到愉悦,还能使人更加活跃。(连接宾语补足语)

Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor。

莎士比亚不仅是一位作家,同时也是一位演员。(连接表语)

Man has become master not only of the sky but also of the space.

人类不仅征服了天空,也征服了太空。(连接定语)

He didn’t let us off the hook until we had proved not only that we knew what an organism was but also that we had the fortitude to stand up for the truth.

直到我们证明了不仅知道什么是生物体,而且有勇气坚持真理时,他才会放过我们。(连接从句)

If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults, take what he says not merely pleasantly but thank fully.(连接状语)

如果你的朋友友善地提醒你的缺点,你不仅要愉快地接受,还要充满感激地回应。

2. 为了突出强调并增强语气,只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句,并且not only位于句首时,才会在第一个分句中使用倒装结构。例如:

Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring or difficult work is unnoticed.

母亲们不仅没有获得报酬,而且她们那些枯燥或繁重的工作也鲜有人注意。

Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.

他不仅是一名教师,还是一位诗人。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.

他不仅表达更准确,而且更流畅。

Not only did he refuse the gift,he also severely criticized the sender.

他不仅拒绝了礼物,还严厉批评了送礼者。

Not only can he speak Chinese well, but also he can speak French fluently.他不仅汉语说得很好,而且法语也很流利。

Not only does he like math, but also he likes English. 他不仅喜欢数学,而且喜欢英语。

Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.

他不仅拥有出色的头脑,而且是一位非常勤奋的人。

Not only has the activity increased public awareness of world hunger,but raised a lot of money for the poor children.

这项活动不仅提高了公众对世界饥饿的认识,也为贫困儿童筹集了大量资金。

Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work. 她不仅仅迟到了3次,她还没干一点活。

Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water. 他们不但需要衣服,而且还缺水。

Not only is his right lung affected but his left lung is also.

他不仅右肺受到了影响,左肺也受到了影响。

作为考生,掌握了以上知识能够有效应对考试。然而,若想全面深入地学习,还需要继续研究以下知识点:

not only…but also的倒装用法一:连接两个不同形式的谓语

当使用not only…but also对某个人或事物进行两次具有递进关系的描述,但两次描述的谓语形式不同,即用“be+表语”构成一个性质(状态)的描述,用行为动词构成一个动作(行为)的描述时,必须使用倒装结构。原因是两个句子中的谓语形式不同的情况下,我们应该将其视为对两个分句进行递进连接,因此not only和but also分别置于两个分句句首,第一个分句采用部分倒装。例如:

原文:她不仅心思细腻,而且总是无私奉献。

译文一:She is not only thoughtful, but (also) sacrifices her own interests for those of others. (误)

译文二:Not only is she thoughtful, but (also) she sacrifices her own interests for those of others. (正)

分析:原文中有两个谓语描述,一个是性质(状态)的“be thoughtful”,另一个是行为(动作)的“sacrifice”。如果按照译文一的方法写出来,not only 放在第一个分句的be动词后,而but also却放在后一个分句的主语后面,这就明显地造成两个连词连接的成分不对等,因此应该按照译文二的方式表达,即连接两个分句,not only和but also分别置于分句句首,前面的分句构成部分倒装。

not only…but also的倒装用法二:连接两个相同形式的谓语

当对某个人或事物进行两次具有递进关系的描述,而且描述的谓语形式相同,即同为“be+表语”构成性质(状态)的描述,或同为行为动词构成动作(行为)的描述时,不是必须使用倒装结构,但也可以使用倒装结构来增强表意的强度。请看实例:

原文:她不仅心思细腻,而且心胸宽广。

译文一:She is not only thoughtful, but (also) broad-minded.

译文二:Not only is she thoughtful, but (also) she is broad-minded.

分析:原文中是两次用“be+表语”构成性质(状态)的描述,所以译文一(不倒装)是完全可以的,这时候可以共用be动词,即not only…but also连接两个表语即可。但如果作者需要加强表达的语气,就可以用译文二的形式,用not only…but also的倒装用法引出两个分句。

同样的道理,如果是not only…but also连接两个由行为动词构成的动作(行为)的描述,也有两种方式。请看例句:

原文:他不仅指正了我的错误,还指导了我如何避免这些错误。

译文一:He not only corrected my mistake, but (also) instructed me to avoid repeating them.

译文二:Not only did he correct my mistake, but (also) he instructed me to avoid repeating them.

结语:

Not only…but also的倒装用法至关重要。学习者在使用not only…but also的倒装用法时,必须注意“一个条件”:即并列谓语;“两个可能”:一是两种不同形式的谓语(必须倒装),二是两个相同形式的谓语(在表示强调语气时可以倒装)。