拥有比他人更多的雄心壮志，你就能收获更加辉煌的未来。If you possess a bit more ambition compared to others, you are destined for a brighter future.I. Definition and Usage:
When comparing two or more individuals or objects, it is essential to employ the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives. The superlative form of an adjective must be preceded by the definite article “the,” whereas the superlative form of an adverb can omit “the.”
II. Formation:
(1) Monosyllabic words and some disyllabic words
First Group:
high–higher/ highest ， short–shorter/ shortest
strong–stronger/ strongest， slow– slower / slowest
Formation One: Directly add -er/-est. (Remember the word “direct”)
Second Group:
nice–nicer/ nicest close–closer/ closest
wide–wider/ widest large–larger/ largest
Formation Two: Remove the final “e” and then add -er/-est. (Remember the word “remove”)
Third Group:
big–bigger/ biggest thin—thinner/ thinnest
hot–hotter/ hottest fat–fatter/ fattest
Formation Three: For words ending in consonant-vowel-consonant, double the final consonant letter and then add -er/-est. (Remember the word “double”) (As for what constitutes a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern, we have discussed it in detail two or three times in the previous notes. Everyone can review it again.)
Fourth Group:
easy–easier/ easiest funny–funnier/ funniest
heavy–heavier/ heaviest lucky–luckier/ luckiest
Formation Four: For words ending in a consonant followed by “y,” change the “y” to “i” and then add -er/ -est.
The above four formation methods can be summarized in four characters: “direct, remove, double, change.”
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(2) Some disyllabic words
friendly（友好的）→（comparative）more friendly/friendlier
→（superlative）most friendly/friendliest
lovely（可爱的）→（comparative）more lovely/lovelier
→（superlative）most lovely/loveliest
There are four adjectives (cruel, strict, friendly, clever) that have two different forms for their comparative and superlative degrees: adding -er/ -est at the end of the word or adding more/ most before the word.
(3) Polysyllabic words
important→（comparative）more important →（superlative）most important
beautiful（漂亮的）→（comparative）more beautiful→（superlative）most beautiful
interesting（有趣的）→（comparative）more interesting →（superlative）most interesting
intelligent（有智慧的）→（comparative）more intelligent→（superlative）most intelligent
dangerous（危险的）→（comparative）more dangerous→（superlative）most dangerous
Formation: For polysyllabic words, add more before the word to form the comparative degree, and add most to form the superlative degree.
(4) Irregular changes of the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs
① Bad/ill: bad/ ill→（comparative) worse→（superlative）worst
Two many: many/ much（comparative）more→（superlative）most
Two good: good/ well（comparative）better→（superlative）best
② Little: little→（comparative）less→（superlative）least
Older: old→（comparative）older/elder→（superlative）oldest/eldest
(older,oldest are used for the comparative degree and the superlative degree structure; elder,eldest are not used for the comparative degree and superlative degree structure, followed by a noun as a modifier, used for the age size among siblings, for example, three brothers, the eldest can be translated as “eldest brother”, the second brother “elder brother”.)
Farther: far→（comparative）farther/further→（superlative）farthest/furthest
(father refers to distance in time and space; further refers to degree, “further”)
III. Sentence Patterns for Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs:
A+ is / v-(e)s + adjective/adverb + than+ B.
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
Method allocation: Seeing the comparative form reminds one of “than”, and seeing “than” reminds one of the comparative form.
(1)、Upgrading Comparison
When A > B, use A+comparative+than +B to express. For example：
My room is smaller than yours.
She got there earlier than me.
(2) Equal Comparison
1）When A = B, use as+adjective/adverb original form+as to express. For example：
She is as tall as me.
He got up as early as his parents.
2）When negating the “as…as” structure, use not+as+adjective/adverb original form+as… to express. For example：
I am not as lucky as you.
He doesn’t study as hard as Mary.
(3) Downgrading Comparison
When expressing that one party is not as strong as the other, use A+less+adjective/adverb original form+than +B to express. For example：
Autumn is less hot than Summer.
Tom runs less fast than John.
(4) Other Comparative Sentence Patterns
1）To express “becoming more and more…”, use comparative+and+comparative to express. For example：
Your English is becoming better and better.
2）To express “the more…, the more…”, use the+comparative, the+comparative to express. For example：
The younger you are,the easier it will be to learn English.
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
IV. Superlative Sentence Patterns:
(1) A + be + the adjective superlative + scope (in/of prepositional phrases)
(2) A + transitive verb + (the) adverb superlative + scope of/in prepositional phrases
(3) Subject (sb./ sth.) is the + adjective superlative+ noun+ that+ subject+ have/ has+ past participle+…
(4) Common Sentence Patterns
① Who/ Which…+ superlative…, A, B or C ?
②one of +the +adjective superlative +plural noun form, meaning “one of the most…”
③Ordinal numbers followed by adjective superlative
V. Middle and High School Connection.
1. (2019, Beijing, 6）Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is _______ than her brother.
A. patient B. more patient C. most patient D. the most patient
(Analysis: than indicates the use of the comparative form, choose B. The meaning is “she is more patient than her brother.”)
2. （2019, Guangdong, 34）Fishing is one of _______ activities among middle-aged people.
A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular
(Analysis: among indicates the scope, and one of is followed by the adjective superlative. Choose D)
3. （2018, Henan）– Why didn’t you get yourself a job?
— That’s _______ said than done.
A. easy B. easier C. the easier D. the easier
(Analysis: The meaning is “easier said than done”, than is the comparative marker, choose B.)